In
May 1882 Mr. Hogge, the Recruiting Officer of the Hong Kong and Straits Settlement Police visited Bristol. The Hong Kong
Police had been established some 38 years earlier when an Inspector and 2
Sergeants from London’s Metropolitan Police volunteered for duty in the new Colony. Every few years recruiting
campaigns were held in the UK in order to build up a core of experienced officers
and these came from the Metropolitan Police; Scottish Constabularies; the Royal
Irish Constabulary; as well as from the smaller Borough Forces throughout England. This was the
first time that the south-west of England had been targetted and it proved a rich picking
ground.
The
Crown Agents had instructed Mr. Hogge to contact various Chief Constables prior
to visiting but apparently he failed to do this and the press reported that he
had privately solicited officers with tempting offers and that as a result
their Force was to be decimated. However, because Mr. Hogge had not gone
through official channels for this recruiting campaign he also managed to pick
up three men who were no longer serving with the Force. One of these had resigned a couple of weeks
prior to the recruiting campaign, another had resigned a whole year before
whilst the remaining one had been dismissed
just days prior to Mr. Hogge’s visit.
The
Deputy Captain Superintendent of the Hong Kong Police was on leave in the UK at this time and had the final say as to which
recruits were acceptable. He required
them to have at least 12 months service and be of good physique. They were to receive a bounty of £20 for
volunteering. The pay was better in Hong Kong at 30 - 35
shillings a week and after 10 years service they would be eligible for a
pension.
Job
WITCHELL was one of the 13 men selected in Bristol for service in the British Colony. They resigned
their posts on 14th. June 1882.
Job had been born in the
coal-mining village of Westerleigh, Gloucestershire in 1858/59 and at the age of 13 was “down the mines”
with his father. But this was not the
life that he wanted so at the age of 21 he joined the Bristol Constabulary and
on the 1881 census is shown as being posted to Bridewell Police Station on A
Division. During his 28 months service
he wore the collar numbers of 131A and 28A. Police records show him as being 6ft and 0¼ ins in
height with the previous occupation of “collier”.
The
1882 Hong Kong Police intake was one of the very few to accept married
officers. Job was single but thought it
prudent to find a wife before leaving his homeland. The lady he chose was Maud Mary POWELL (later
known as Mary Maud) and they married by Licence at the Bristol Register Office
on 5th. July. For some
unknown reason Job chose to enter his name as Samuel Job WITCHELL and his
occupation as “carpenter”. Admittedly in
early July he was “between jobs” but it seems strange that he chose this
occupation over “police officer”.
A
few days later The Bristol Bobbies travelled to London where they met up with other recruits from Plymouth and Liverpool. They were to
make journey to Hong Kong on the ss
Pembrokeshire and this was to be the ships maiden voyage. As it transpired this was not to be a
pleasant experience for our travellers because they encountered very strong
monsoon winds across the Indian Ocean.
Added to this it was reported that during the voyage one of their number
had fallen 25ft. down a hold and had been lucky to escape with his life. To make matters even worse the food onboard
was described as being disgusting. So it
was with some relief that they set foot on shore in Hong Kong.
The
Press reported :
"Upon arrival at the Central Station their comrades feted the new comers right royally, and the sounds of jollification and harmony could be heard emanating from the police quarters."
"Upon arrival at the Central Station their comrades feted the new comers right royally, and the sounds of jollification and harmony could be heard emanating from the police quarters."
Two
days later they were sworn in at The Magistracy for a period of 5 years duty.
Police
Stations were situated throughout the island but conditions were less than
desirable. The Colonial Surgeon reported
that :
"none of the Stations can be commended in a sanitary point of view and they are nearly all overcrowded."
"none of the Stations can be commended in a sanitary point of view and they are nearly all overcrowded."
Sickness amongst Police was mainly fevers and diarrhoea and this table shows that with an average strength of 103 European officers in 1882 the rate of sickness was 89.32%:
What
a place for our Bristol Bobbies to have volunteered to come to. But despite
the conditions Job and Mary Maud went on to found a dynasty in the British
Colony.
By
1886 Job had made Acting Sergeant and by 1889 was undertaking additional duties
as Assistant Engine Driver with the Fire Brigade. The early appliances used by the Brigade came from Merryweather in the UK and were now over 20 years old. Apart from 4 steam engines they had a floating fire engine, 9 manual engines, and various “Fire boxes”.
Hong Kong’s world famous Peak rises behind the
city of Victoria and is often shrouded in mist. The city was built on the lower slopes but
the streets had a steep incline which made fire fighting extremely
difficult. Water was obtained from Fire
Plugs linked to the City’s Water System but the pressure was so low that what
should have been a strong jet of water turned into a very sad trickle by the time
it came out of the hoses. The solution
was to pump water from the harbour and to do this the engines would be
stationed at various points up the hill and the water pumped from one to the
other to the next.
Every
year in January those connected with the Fire Brigade would steam off to one of the islands and for their annual
outing.
On
the homeward journey songs were sung – including one of their very own:
The Song of the HK
Fire Brigade
Where are the boys of the Old Brigade
Who fought with us side by side?
We miss them on our Fire Parades
For some have gone home—some have
died.
Who so ready and undismayed?
Who so gallant and true?
Where are the boys of the Old Brigade?
Where are the lads we knew?
Then steadily shoulder to shoulder
Steadily man by man
Fighting the fire with one desire
To do all the good we can
Where are the boys of the Old Brigade?
Friends who have faced Afong
Some from their happy homes have
strayed
Many have left Hong Kong
Over the sea at Duty’s call
Far from our loving gaze
We drink their health, may one and all
Have many joyous days.
Then steadily shoulder to shoulder
Steadily man by man
Fighting the fire with one desire
To do all the good we can
By 1894 Sergeant WITCHELL was
acting as Inspector of Markets. The
Colonial Veterinary Surgeon reported:
"this officer has given me great satisfaction, his duties being always carried out in the most able and efficient manner."
"this officer has given me great satisfaction, his duties being always carried out in the most able and efficient manner."
On 23rd. April 1896 Job was promoted to 3rd. Class Inspector – the first of our Bristol Bobbies to reach this rank. Records show that in addition to his Inspector’s salary he received a $30 Good Conduct Allowance; $30 for knowledge of Chinese and $120 as Inspector of Vehicles.
However,
the following year a scandal of mega proportions was to hit the Hong Kong
Police and several of our Bristol Bobbies were caught up in this. The Cantonese loved gambling but this was
prohibited within the British Colony.
Not that this stopped the mighty Triad gangs. They set up a web of corruption which extended
to Police Officers in order to get them to turn a blind eye to the gambling
dens.
The
Head of the Force, Francis Henry May, was a strict disciplinarian and when he
heard rumours that police officers were being bribed he started
investigations. To his horror documents
were found which implicated not only Chinese police but Europeans as well.
Inspector
Job Witchell was the officer who became scapegoat in the case and he appeared
in court on charges of accepting bribes.
He pleaded not guilty but the evidence was overwhelming. Job had an excellent record up to this time
and had received many commendations for his work. He was also a popular member of the community
and this led to the jury recommending leniency – the judge took this into
account and sentenced him to just 6 months imprisonment.
A
few weeks later Mary Maud gave birth to her last baby but he only lived for
three days. He was buried in Grave 5959
in Section 41 of the Colonial Cemetery on 16th. November 1897.
The
following February on release from prison Job confessed his guilt and acknowledged
the justice of the sentence passed upon him.
He also expressed regret for remarks which he made at the conclusion of
the trial “imputing unworthy motives to the Captain Superintendent of Police”.
Mary
Maud died one week later in the Government Civil Hospital and was buried in Section 5 of the Colonial Cemetery.
On
his release from prison Job had a long and successful career in private
business. He was also a prominent member of the Freemason community. He remarried on 23rd. October 1909 - his new wife being an Australian widow.
Mary’s
grand daughter, Lilian Edith SOUTHERTON (2nd. child of Edith SOUTHERTON nee WITCHELL), died in 1922 at the age of 5 ½ months and was buried with her grandmother in
Section 5.
Job died in the Colony on 13th. August
1925 and was buried with his first wife & grand daughter in the Colonial Cemetery.
But the
family grave was not yet full. In August
1950 another grand daughter, Nora Evelyn STUTCHBURY (nee WITCHELL), was
murdered by terrorists in Pahang, Malaya. Her body was flown back to Hong Kong and buried with her grandparents & cousin on 23rd.
August 1950.
Postscript: The
grave of the little boy who had died in 1897 aged just 3 days remained
untouched & unmarked in Section 41 – that is until the mid 1970s. In 1975 plans were afoot to construct the
Aberdeen Tunnel from Happy Valley through the hills to the south side of the
island. This meant exhuming thousands of
graves. Those with headstones were all
moved elsewhere within the cemetery whilst remains from graves with no
headstones were placed in niches in a brand new ossuary – each with a plaque to
mark their existence in this world. 72
graves without headstones were exhumed from Section 41 – 18 of them being of stillborn or very
young infants who had died in the 1890s.
Naturally after some 80 years there were no remains from these tiny
graves so niches were not provided within the Ossuary.
If you think that I might be able to assist with your own Hong Kong research then I would be delighted to hear from you:
